The lacuna model is a tool for unlocking culture differences or missing "gaps" in text (in the further meaning).
It can be used both as stand-alone tool (e.g. Elena Denisova-Schmidt 2005, Gwenn Gundula Hiller 2005, Erika Grodzki 2003) or in combination with established frameworks in cross-cultural communication such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, Trompenaars' model of national culture differences, Schwarz’ framework and the GLOBE Study (Olena Kryzhko 2015).
Thus, there is no word in English, German, French, Italian and many other languages for the Russian term “путевка“ (‘putevka’, which can be described as a voucher for a particular trip on specified route).
The Chinese word “Guanxi”, which describes basic dynamics in the personal network of influence, also has no analogy in West-European languages.
In this case, a lacuna can represent differences in behavior, living conditions and structures, and processes.