Ladinia (Austrian German: Ladinien) is a neologism used to describe an Alpine region in the Dolomites mountain range of Northern Italy, divided between the Italian provinces of Belluno, South Tyrol, and Trentino.

The Ladin people developed a national identity during the 19th century,[1] when most of the area—except for the Venetian parts—was incorporated into the Princely County of Tyrol and, as part of the Austrian Empire, underwent a process of Germanisation.

Ceded to Italy after World War I, the Ladin community, in spite of its high level of identification with the land, did not enjoy any official recognition.

On 5 May 1920, representatives from the Ladin valleys met at Gardena Pass to protest against the resolutions of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and to demand their rights of self-determination according to the Fourteen Points outlined by US President Woodrow Wilson.

Administratively, Ladinia is divided between two Italian regions, three provinces, and 18 small municipalities: Furthermore, the Ladin language is officially recognised in 53 comuni within Belluno, South Tyrol and Trentino.