The Lagerlunda rail accident occurred in the early hours of 15 November 1875 about 8 km west of Linköping in Östergötland, Sweden.

Unclear signalling between a station master and a steam engine driver led to a train leaving the station although another train was approaching on the single line track.

A contemporary investigation by Swedish ophthalmologist Frithiof Holmgren suggested that color blindness on the part of the driver could have contributed to the accident, which prompted the introduction of mandatory color-vision screening of railroad personnel.

However, more recent analyses dispute color blindness as the main cause of the accident.

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