[3][4] The lake is situated on Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek, which it is named after.

The main recreational activities on or near Lake Chillisquaque include fishing, boating, and hiking.

[8] With a surface area of 165 acres, the lake is the largest of 82 bodies of water in Montour County.

[7] Numerous objects, including tire reefs and cement blocks, have been placed in Lake Chillisquaque to increase its suitability as a fish habitat.

The inner part of the dam is a silty clay material, while the outside is made of weathered shale.

[11] According to the Montour County Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, a major failure in the Lake Chillisquaque Dam could cause damage to several nearby communities, such as Strawberry Ridge and Washingtonville.

It could also result in a decrease in the output of the Montour Power Plant, causing a brownout in the area.

A severe failure of the dam is considered by the Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan to be the most dangerous threat to Montour County.

[14] The concentration of suspended solids in Lake Chillisquaque ranges from less than 2 to 58 milligrams per liter.

[14] The concentration of hydrogen ions in the waters of Lake Chillisquaque ranges from 0.00011 to 0.00031 milligrams per liter.

[13] The light intensity on the surface of Lake Chillisquaque is 1200 micro-moles per square meter.

15 feet (4.6 m) below the surface of the lake, the light intensity is only 100 micro-moles per square meter.

[4] The lake's original purpose was as a secondary supply of cooling water for the Montour Power Plant.

[16] One person drowned in a boating accident on February 16, 2006, and there was another accidental death in April 2011.

[15] The Montour Preserve and the lake are in the Central Susquehanna Wild Pheasant Recovery Area.

These include bullhead catfish, largemouth bass, yellow perch, northern pike, and several other species.

[19] An electrofishing survey done by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission on Lake Chillisquaque discovered 54 walleyes from 5 to 23 inches (13 to 58 cm) long and 48 largemouth bass from 8 to 18 inches (20 to 46 cm).

These include two oak species, two maple spaces, red elm, boxelder, shagbark hickory, black tupelo, American basswood, eastern hop-hornbeam, black ash, and musclewood.

[20] Cattails and beds of grass grow along the shores of Lake Chillisquaque.

[14] In September 2009, the most common type of microbe on the surface of Lake Chillisquaque was Oscillatoria, which made up approximately 75 percent of the total.

[14] Slightly less than 60 percent of the microbes 15 feet (4.6 m) under the surface of Lake Chillisquaque were of the genus Oscillatoria in September 2009.

The genera Synechococcus, Navicula, and Xylophilus each made up approximately 20 percent of the microbes.

[2] The paddling and running stages of the Chilli Challenge triathlon are on Lake Chillisquaque and the Chillisuagi Trail, respectively.

The Chillisuagi Trail is wide and fairly flat for part of its length, but is hillier near Goose Cove.