It is also part of the Aventino-Medio Sangro mountain community and the municipal territory is included in the Maiella National Park.

The territory has been inhabited since prehistoric, as amply testified by a series of rock paintings found in the caves of the area and from the remains of a village from the Neolithic period.

In Contrada Fonterossi, right in the vicinity of the Neolithic site, the so-called "Uomo della Maiella" was found at the beginning of the 20th century, human remains of a prehistoric burial dating back to 7000–5000 BC.

]which literally meant 'counterbore', that is, 'land where water stagnates'; the addition referring to the Italic people, the Peligni, which would have gone as far as the territory of the Aventine river, is considered to have come later.

The environment of Lama dei Peligni is varied: it ranges from the lower-elevation area where vast oak forests prevail, passing through the steep rocky crags inhabited by squirrels, roe deer and wild boars, among others, up to the flat areas at high altitude where, for example, the Apennine edelweiss grow.