Article 79, Section 1 of the Rhineland-Palatinate constitution provides: "The Landtag is the supreme organ of political decision-making, elected by the people.

It represents the people, elects the Minister-President and confirms the cabinet, passes the laws and the budget, controls the executive and enunciates the popular will in the conduct of public affairs, in questions of European policy and according to the agreements between the Landtag and the cabinet."

The Landtag convenes in the Deutschhaus building,[1] where also the first democratically elected parliament German history had convened, the Rhenish-German national convention of the Mainz Republic.

After the elections of March 14, 2021, the composition of the Landtag is as follows: Political groups in bold support the state's coalition government.

[2] The parliamentary groups are chaired by Alexander Schweitzer (SPD), Christian Baldauf (CDU), Uwe Junge [de] (AfD), Cornelia Willius-Senzer (FDP), and Bernhard Braun [de] (Greens).