Langelandsgade has a long history, it connects important buildings and structures in Aarhus and has a diverse architectural character.

Around 1600 AD, executions by hanging were relocated from the central square of Store Torv (in front of the cathedral) to a hill along present days Langelandsgade, then far out of town.

[2][3] In 1828, a brickworks was built along the southern end, and the road became known as Teglværksvej (Brickworks-road) for some time, but was officially named Brendstrupvej until 1899, when it was renamed to Langelandsgade.

The first residential buildings were built in the 1880s and consisted of 2–3 storey apartment blocks in brick in the southernmost section and a few detached houses close to where the university is located nowadays.

It was one of the first building projects to be realised by the local non-profit housing organization Arbejdernes Andels Boligforening (AAB – Aarhus).