Langshi

Divided into forty "episodes"[1] or chapters, the novel follows the adventures of a young scholar named Langzi (浪子; "The Rake") as he seduces his female and male lovers.

[7] Langshi was written by an anonymous writer under the pseudonym "Youxuan zi of Wind and Moon Studio" (風月軒又玄子著) in the late Tianqi era.

[9] Alongside Jin Ping Mei (金瓶梅) and Xiuta yeshi (繡榻野史), both also written during the late Ming dynasty, Langshi is believed to be one of the oldest erotic novels published in China.

"[12] Martin W. Huang writes that Langshi is an example of "erotic fiction as a transgressive genre (that) seems occasionally to have offered more latitude for viewing deviations, especially those committed by women, with more tolerance.

[6] The early Qing dynasty commentator Liu Tingji (劉廷璣) attacks the novel as "poison",[13] while Giovanni Vitiello criticises the book for being "rather poor in plot and repetitive in style".