In contrast, the eastern regions, particularly Papua and the Maluku Islands, are home to over 270 Papuan languages, which are distinct from the Austronesian family and represent a unique linguistic heritage.

[11] The vocabulary of Indonesian borrows heavily from regional languages of Indonesia, such as Javanese, Sundanese and Minangkabau, as well as from Dutch, Sanskrit, Portuguese, Arabic and more recently English.

[17] Javanese speakers are predominantly located in the central to eastern parts of Java, and there are also sizable numbers in most provinces.

The latter refers to regional lingua francas that are not associated with Malay or Indonesian, including Biak, Iban and Onin.

[20][5][page needed][a] As early as the seventh century AD, the natives of the archipelago began an intense period of trade with people from China, India and other countries.

The outcome of these processes has been the development of a group of heritage languages spoken by Arab, Chinese, Eurasian and Dutch descendants, among others.

[22] The small minority that can speak the language fluently are either educated members of the oldest generation, or employed in the legal profession,[23] as certain law codes are still only available in Dutch.

[28] Other languages, such as Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Portuguese and Spanish, are non-native to Indonesia.

[30] Based on the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale classification used by Ethnologue (formerly the Summer Institute of Linguistics), 63 languages are dying (shown in red on the bar chart, subdivided into Moribund and Nearly Extinct, or Dormant), which is defined as "The only fluent users (if any) are older than child-bearing age.

ᮙᮃᮛᮃᮔᮦᮂᮔᮃ ᮓᮤᮘᮦᮛᮦ ᮃᮊᮃᮜ᮪ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮠᮃᮒᮦ ᮔᮥᮛᮃᮔᮤ, ᮎᮃᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮁ-ᮌᮃᮅᮜ᮪ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮞᮃᮞᮃᮙᮃᮔᮃ ᮃᮚᮃ ᮓᮤᮔᮃ ᮞᮥᮙᮃᮍᮨᮒ᮪ ᮓᮥᮓᮥᮜᮥᮛᮃᮔ᮪Sakumna jalma gubrag ka alam dunya téh sipatna merdika jeung boga martabat katut hak-hak anu sarua.

[47]سادوڽو مأنسي دلهياكن مرديكا دان ڤوڽو مرتبت ساراتو حق-حق نن سامو.

مريك دكارونياي اكا جو هاتي نوراني سوڤيو ساتو سامو لاين باڬاول ساروڤو اورڠ بادونسانقSadonyo manusia dilahiakan mardeka dan punyo martabat sarato hak-hak nan samo.

Mareka dikaruniai aka jo hati nurani, supayo satu samo lain bagaul sarupo urang badunsanak.

Sami kalugrain papineh lan idep tur mangdane pada masawitra melarapan semangat pakulawargaan.

[citation needed]سادجان اوريڠ لاهير مردكا اي ساريڠ دراجت كلابن حق-حق سي ضا-ڤاضا.

سادجان ايڤرڠي عقل ساريڠ نوراني بن كودو اريڠ-ساريڠ اكنچ كادي تاريتنSadajana oreng lahir mardika e sarenge drajat klaban hak-hak se dha-padha.

Sadajana eparenge akal sareng nurani ban kodu areng-sareng akanca kadi taretan.

[citation needed]Galo-galo uwong dari lahirnyo bebas, samorato martabat jugo hak-haknyo.

Sira hotu iha hanoin, konsiensia n'e duni tenki hare malu hanesan espiritu maun-alin.

Kalak enda ibereken akal ras pusuh peraten janah arus ersada arihna alu semangat persadan.

بوبوهنڽ صبراتان دباريءا عقل وان جوا ڤڠراس هاتي نوراني، سوڤاي ساموڽان اورڠ انتارا ساءايكوڠ لاون ساءايكوڠ باڤتوتن نڠكيا اورڠ بادڠسانكنSabarataan manusia diranakakan bibas mardika wan ba'isi martabat lawan jua ba'isi hak-hak nang sama.

[citation needed]Unyin Jelema dilaheʁko merdeka jama wat pi'il ʁik hak sai gokgoh.

Tobonyo dikasi akal kek hati nurani supayo bekawan dalam raso cak orang besanak.