The border starts from the triple junction of the borders with Belarus to the north of Lake Drūkšiai (55°40′50.17″N 26°37′49.79″E / 55.6806028°N 26.6304972°E / 55.6806028; 26.6304972)[2] and stretches to the coast of the Baltic Sea, where it ends between Palanga and Rucava.

Later, for centuries, it was an approximate boundary between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Livonia.

Following the Great Northern War and, separately, the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the border became partially defunct when the territories were incorporated into the Russian Empire.

After prolonged negotiations, in July 1999, the border between the territorial waters was drawn as a straight line between 56°04′08.9″N 21°03′51.47″E / 56.069139°N 21.0642972°E / 56.069139; 21.0642972 and 56°02′43.5″N 20°42′35.0″E / 56.045417°N 20.709722°E / 56.045417; 20.709722.

They are now abandoned,[4] since both nations joined the Schengen Area in December 2007,[5] allowing unrestricted border crossing.