The area surrounding Laurel Fork is home to several plant and animal species found nowhere else in Virginia, and is a prime example of a northern boreal forest in the state.

The stream's source is located approximately 1.7 miles (2.7 km) southwest of U.S. Route 250 near the southern slopes of Bear Mountain at an elevation of 4,094 feet (1,248 m).

Approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Newman Run and Secondary Route 642, Laurel Fork enters Pendleton County, West Virginia.

[5][8] The stream flows approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east, collecting the tributary waters of Sams Run, before reaching its mouth.

[9] The hillsides surrounding Laurel Fork are steep,[11] with elevations along the ridges of Allegheny Mountain to the west of the stream averaging 4,000 feet (1,200 m).

This designation arises from the stream's "outstanding scenic beauty", "exceptional aquatic communities", and "superior recreational opportunities".

The Laurel Fork Special Management Area (SMA), located in the George Washington National Forest, covers part of the stream's run.

[16] Three state endangered species of animals are present within the Laurel Fork SMA: the Virginia northern flying squirrel, the snowshoe hare, and the water shrew.