Court

A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature.

A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

According to William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England, a court (for civil wrongs) is constituted by a minimum of three parties: the āctor or plaintiff, who complains of an injury done; the reus or defendant, who is called upon to make satisfaction for it; and the jūdex or judicial power, who is to examine the truth of the fact, determine the law arising upon that fact, and, if any injury appears to have been done, ascertain and by its officers apply a legal remedy.

[3] The meaning of a judicial assembly is first attested in the 12th century, and derives from the earlier usage to designate a sovereign and his entourage, which met to adjudicate disputes in such an enclosed yard.

[3][4] The term the court is used to refer to the presiding officer or officials, usually one or more judges.

Jurisdiction is defined as the official authority to make legal decisions and judgements over a person or material item within a territory.

[6] "Whether a given court has jurisdiction to preside over a given case" is a key question in any legal action.

[8] Civil law is firmly ensconced in the French and German legal systems.

Common law courts were established by English royal judges of the King's Council after the Norman Invasion of Britain in 1066.