Law enforcement in Peru

[7] Under San Martín, the presidents of departmental governing bodies (juntas departamentales) were given the function of "police judges" (Jueces de Policía).

The country's first constitution was promulgated in 1823, under the presidency of José Bernardo Tagle, and created three new ministries: Government and Foreign Relations (which took responsibility for policing), War and the Navy, and Finance.

In a decree issued on 7 January 1825, Simón Bolívar converted the Milicia Cívica into the Civil Forces (Fuerzas Civicas), with the task of ensuring public order within the provinces.

Soon afterwards, the “Arequipa regulations” created the posts of Inspector and Guard (Celador), and the Order and Internal Security Forces came under the superintendent of police in Lima, and under the sub-prefects in the provinces.

In 1855, under Ramón Castilla's second presidency, the gendarmerie was reorganized and merged into the existing Police Corps on April 7, 1856, setting strict entry requirements and increasing their numbers.

A Spanish mission approved by King Alfonso XIII was sent to Lima with the purpose of providing full assistance in the modernization and reorganization of the police forces, working with veterans of the old Civil Guard and the remainder of what was then the National Gendarmerie.

This study was approved no less than the President himself, who considered the plan proposed in the 14 projects mentioned, in order for the development of the national economy and to improve the security situation.

[16] After the creation of the School due to the Supreme Decree of July 3, 1922, there were first and a very careful recruitment of qualified personnel for the installation of the campus, getting the nomination very honorable and excellent military history for the kind of Captains, Lieutenants and Ensigns to be commissioned.

[16] On October 12 of the same year, the Investigation and Surveillance Brigade (ISB) (Spanish: Brigada de Investigación y Vigilancia, BIV) was established, organized into the following: The tree units would continue to be reorganized, such as the ISB being renamed to the Peruvian Investigative Police in 1960; and cooperate with each other in armed conflicts during the early to mid 20th century, such as the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1941,[17] the 1965 Revolutionary Left Movement guerrilla conflict,[17][18] the Púcuta Antisubversive Campaign (Spanish: Campaña Antisubversiva de Púcuta).

Low salaries and a particular incident where a subordinate of the Civil Guard publicly was insulted and slapped by the Head of the Military House, General Enrique Ibáñez Burga, for failing to comply with his orders of not allowing journalists to approach the President's vehicle, led to protests and strikes in the Peruvian capital.

The objectives sought were, among others, to integrate the three police forces to make better use of economic resources, eliminate the conflict that existed between them caused by "double role" problems and, above all, provide better services to society.