[4] Schuster's 1834 pamphlet, Confession of faith of an outlaw has been suggested as the first vision of marginalized people joining together in a coming revolution.
[2] At this time, Schuster focused his efforts on advocating for the unification of Germany and organized middle-class republicans into the League of Germans.
[8][9][10] Their stated goal was "the establishment of the Kingdom of God on Earth, based on the ideals of love of one's neighbor, equality and justice".
"[4] Friedrich Engels wrote dismissively of the League as essentially similar to other French secret societies except that it was German.
[2] The latter league had a pyramidal structure inspired by the secret society of the Republican Carbonari, and shared ideas with Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier's utopian socialism.
Their goal was to establish a "Social Republic" in the German states which would campaign for "freedom", "equality" and "civic virtue".
[16][17] Other significant leaders included Karl Schapper, Bruno Bauer, Joseph Moll,[7][17] August Hermann Ewerbeck,[10][18] and Johann Hoeckerig.