Located in the eastern part of the county along the Ohio River, it borders the following townships: Jackson County, West Virginia lies across the Ohio River to the east.

It is the second-farthest upstream of Meigs County's Ohio River townships.

No municipalities are located in Lebanon Township, although the unincorporated community of Portland is located on the township's eastern shoreline.

[4] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[5] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.