Lebrecht was born on 28 June 1669 in Bernburg as the second son of Victor Amadeus, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg by his wife Elizabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, daughter of Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken.

Excluded from the government of the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg after the introduction of primogeniture, Lebrecht acquired in 1707 the towns of Belleben, Hoym, Reinstedt, and Frose as compensation.

They had six children: By contract of 23 February 1703, Lebrecht explained that after the death of his wife he wished not to remarry, so as not to diminish the possessions of the House of Anhalt through further partitions; but he found a way to reconcile his conscience with this intention by marrying a person who only looked for companionship in marriage and had no desire for princely rank.

Remarriages with persons of unequal rank after a first equal marriage leaving posterity were not unusual in Germany, and under these conditions he obtained the consent of his father to this union.

This contract notwithstanding, Lebrecht sought and obtained from the Emperor her elevation to the rank of Countess with the style of "Hoch- und Wohlgebohren" and new arms (1 August 1705).