Some are based on earlier euhemerised stories (that is, figures from mythological folktales were depicted as historical kings by medieval writers such as Saxo Grammaticus).
The source used for the genealogical information and name spellings is the English translation provided by Mischa Hooker of Augustana College.
This is said to be both when Augustus invaded Denmark and during the time of the Biblical King David, referring to two rulers who lived about a thousand years apart.
Sven Aggesen was a 12th century Danish chronicler who wrote Brevis historia regum Dacie ("A Short History of the Kings of Denmark").
Name spellings are derived from Oliver Elton's 1905 translation, The First Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus, via Wikisource.
It was written in Latin in the 12th century, and comprises 16 books, of which the first 9 relate to legendary kings leading up to Gorm the Old, and the remaining 7 are more recent and historical.
The work is explicitly euhemeristic, repeatedly referring to certain individuals (including Odin, Baldr, and Thor) as mortal humans that people believed to be, and worshipped as, gods.
Signe Other Danish kings include: In Book VI of Gesta Danorum, Saxo also refers to a certain Hakon as the tyrant of Denmark when describing the early years of the champion Starkad.
However, Hakon does not appear to fit into the timeline or family tree of Danish rulers as described in the rest of Gesta Danorum.
The thula says that Alewih was known as king of the Danes, and describes him as the bravest of all men listed but that he was defeated by Offa, ruler of the Angles.
Widsith also mentions Hroðulf ("Hroþwulf") and Hroðgar as an uncle and nephew who held the longest peace together, and Ingeld as a Heaðobard Viking ("wicinga cynn") whom they defeated at Heorot.
A later stanza of Gróttasöngr prophesies that "Yrsa's son" (identified in other works as Hrólfr Kraki) would take vengeance on Fróði for the killing of Hálfdan (or, as plural, the half-Danes).
This work relates how Willibrord became a missionary to the Danes and met their ruler, Ongendus, described as "a man more savage than any wild beast and harder than stone".
Several annals refer to kings of the Danes, as follows: Vita Ansgarii is a 9th century hagiography of saint Ansgar, written by the East Frankish archbishop Rimbert.
[11] Book III of the 12th century Historia Regum Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouth refers to a King of the Dacians named Guichtlac.
As mentioned above in the section on Chronicon Lethrense, the Danes and Dacians had been conflated by European historians since at least the works of Dudo of Saint-Quentin over a century earlier.