Legio IV Scythica ("Scythian Fourth Legion"), also written as Legio IIII Scythica,[1] was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in c. 42 BC by the Roman general Mark Antony, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence its other cognomen, Parthica.

The Legio IV Scythica was founded by the Roman general Mark Antony after 42 BC.

[1] After the Battle of Actium (31 BC) and Mark Antony's suicide, Octavian transferred the Legio IV Scythica to the Roman province of Moesia, in the Danube area.

In 62 AD, IIII Scythica and XII Fulminata, commanded by the new legate of Cappadocia, Lucius Caesennius Paetus, were defeated by the Parthians at the Battle of Rhandeia and forced to surrender.

[1] In the Year of the Four Emperors, in 69 AD, the IV Scythica, alongside the rest of the Eastern legions, sided with Vespasian immediately.

Despite the demonstrated loyalty, IV Scythica was not involved in actual fighting because it was not considered a high-quality legion.

[1] However, according to Notitia Dignitatum (XXXIII), in the early 3rd century, the IV Scythica was still active in Roman Syria, camped in Orese.