The period of the late 1960s–1970s came to be known as the Opposti Estremismi, (from left-wing and right-wing extremists riots), later renamed anni di piombo ("years of lead") because of a wave of political terrorist attacks.

Another bill, approved on 30 April 1969, introduced broad provisions covering pensions under the general scheme.

After this period, which included an attempt by former Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani to form a government, Rumor led a new coalition with PSI, PRI and PSDI from March until July 1970.

On 28 February 1972 President Giovanni Leone dismissed the Parliament and called the first snap election in the history of the Italian Republic.

[citation needed] On 9 December 1971 the Parliament and the representatives of the 20 Italian regions met to elect the fifth President of Italy.