Lenguazaque is situated on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, part of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes at a distance of 116 kilometres (72 mi) from the capital Bogotá.

[1] It borders Guachetá in the north, Ubaté in the west, Cucunubá in the south and Villapinzón in the east.

In the time of the Muisca Confederation, before the Spanish conquest, Lenguazaque was ruled by the zaque of Hunza, currently known as Tunja, Boyacá.

Modern Lenguazaque was founded by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada early on in his conquest of the central highlands of Colombia, on March 13, 1537.

Also agriculture is executed, predominantly potatoes and to a lesser extent peas, maize, barley and wheat.