He subsequently carried out Ph.D. research under the supervision of Lorentz, concerning an application of the statistical mechanics of Gibbs to molecular problems.
In 1922, Ornstein became director of the Physical Laboratory (Fysisch Laboratorium) and extended his research interests to experimental subjects.
The Nazis targeted Ornstein for his Jewish heritage and the university dismissed him in September 1940, barring him from entering his laboratory.
During this period he increasingly distanced himself from public life, to the degree that he no longer wished to receive guests at home.
[citation needed] One of the five buildings of the Department of Physics at the University of Utrecht is named the Leonard S. Ornstein Laboratory[7] in his honor.