Leonardo Bianchi (5 April 1848 – 13 February 1927), an Italian neuropathologist, politician, and writer from San Bartolomeo in Galdo in the Province of Benevento, earned fame from his work on cerebral functions and diseases of the nervous system.

After receiving his medical degree, Bianchi developed an interest in neuropsychiatry while working as a doctor at the Real Albergo dei Poveri.

Leonardo Bianchi's political career started in 1892 when he was appointed the role of deputy for San Bartolomeo in Galdo in the Italian Parliament.

Some examples of Leonardo Bianchi's reform would be restructuring medical education to center on doctor-patient relationship and the abolishment of straitjackets in asylums.

On March 28, 1905, Leonardo Bianchi was appointed to lead the Minister Department of Public Education by the King of Italy, which was presided over by Alessandro Fortis.

[3]: 51  His primary mission and goal as the leader of public education was to create radical reform of the Italian school system and organization.

In 1916, when Paolo Boselli became the prime minister of Italy, Leonardo Bianchi was appointed to delegate social security and mental health reform.

After the conclusion of World War I in 1919, King Vittorio Emanuele III appointed Leonardo Bianchi a lifetime position in the Italian Senate.

A monument was later created by artist Fulvio Rosapane in Leonardo Bianchi's hometown of San Bartolomeo in Galdo at the Piazza Municipio.

[1] Along with his research with monkeys and dogs, Leonardo Bianchi conducted analysis on military war victims who suffered from head traumas that limited their temporal and frontal lobe functions.

[3]: 15 [6] Bianchi's research was the first to describe frontal lobe syndrome, which helped to gather him fame in the academic world of Europe and the USA.

Other accomplishments of Leonardo Bianchi were that he was one of the first known medical doctors who diagnosed parietal syndrome and he was the first president of the Italian Society of Neurology.

Leonardo Bianchi's fame in the neuropsychiatry world led to his appointment as editor of the International Journal of Medical Sciences in 1898.