Leopold of Anhalt (18 July 1855 – 2 February 1886), was a German prince of the House of Ascania.

In the autumn of 1883, Hereditary Prince Leopold proposed to Princess Viktoria of Prussia, daughter of Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia and Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom.

In April 1884 Friedrich von Holstein recorded that:[1]Princess Viktoria – or her mother – turned down the hereditary Prince of Anhalt last autumn.

In the end of December 1883 Hereditary Prince Leopold was engaged to Princess Elisabeth of Hesse-Kassel, the eldest daughter of Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Anna of Prussia.

When hearing of this engagement, Queen Victoria, whose daughter apparently had not informed her mother of the rejected proposal, wrote:[1]but I regret that you have not got him en réserve for Vicky if her fond hopes cannot be realised.Leopold and Elisabeth were married on 26 May 1884 at Schloss Philippsruhe in Hanau.