It is endemic to southern–central China (Guizhou, Hubei, Gansu, and Sichuan provinces as well as the municipality of Chongqing).

Its type locality is Mount Emei (Chinese: 峨嵋山; pinyin: Éméi Shān; Wade–Giles: O2-mei2 Shan1).

[3] [a] It has also been reported from Thailand and Laos, but these are now considered to represent Leptobrachella minimus.

[2] Leptobrachella oshanensis occurs in hill streams as well as the surrounding broadleaf and mixed forests at elevations of 600–1,800 m (2,000–5,900 ft) above sea level.

[1] Leptobrachella oshanensis is a small frog: males grow to a snout–vent length of about 28 mm (1.1 in) and females to 32 mm (1.3 in).