It is debated whether there are moral, ethical, or political lessons to be learned from the Holocaust, and if so what they are.
[1] In his 2016 book of the same title, Michael Marrus classifies the lessons drawn from the Holocaust into the categories of early, Jewish, Israeli, and universal lessons.
[3] Political scientist Ian Lustick classifies responses to the Holocaust by Israeli Jews into four categories: the Holocaust as a "Zionist Proof-text; Wasting Asset; Object Lesson for safeguarding human rights; and Template for Jewish life".
He argues that the last has become hegemonic since the 1980s and that the consequences of seeing enemies as Nazis and threats as existential are damaging to Israel.
[5] There is a tension between the argument that the Holocaust was a unique event in history and that it has lessons that could be applied to other situations.