Leszek Nowak

thesis under the supervision of Zygmunt Ziembiński, who introduced Nowak to the field of legal theory and convinced him to major in the subject.

degree, writing a dissertation on the legal interpretation, the rule of law and semiotic functions of language.

He obtained his habilitation (post-doctoral degree) in 1970, was subsequently published as a book on the methodological foundations of Karl Marx's Das Kapital.

Nowak was aware of the risk of working on such a theory in the country of real socialism but he did not decide to accept intellectual compromise and in 1979 disseminated the typescript of his book.

During the time of Solidarność movement he spent all energy to educate union members and to reveal the oppressive nature of socialism.