Lev Pavlovich Rapoport (Russian: Лев Павлович Рапопорт, January 13, 1920 – September 15, 2000) was well known for his pioneering works in nuclear and atomic theoretical physics.

After becoming a well-known specialist in theoretical nuclear physics during the 1950s, he published works in the then-new fields of superfluidity and superconductivity in the early 1960s.

He gave a generalization of the Ginzburg–Landau equations applicable for lower temperatures and proposed a microscopic theory of magnetic flux quantization in superconductors.

He also contributed to the development of the theory of finite Fermi systems, which he applied to the nuclear processes of beta decay and electron capture.

In all, he trained 25 PhD students, 8 of whom subsequently obtained the DSc degree in physics and became professors who are now working in Russia and abroad.