Liao civilization

[2][clarification needed] Ball products such as the jade which made the precursors of Chinese dragon were discovered in remains of Xinglongwa culture.

Northern nomads from Jinggouzi might have entered the West Liao River valley, but these Jinggouzi people (closely related to Xianbei and Oroqen)[5] were culturally and genetically distinct from the original people of the West Liao River valley, who carried the characteristic Haplogroup N-M231 lineage.

This means the Liao civilization was occupied by a diverse sequence of human cultures that were originally distinct from both the farming populations of the Yellow River and the nomads of the Eurasian steppe.

[7] The formation and development of the Lower Xiajiadian culture population was likely a complex process affected by admixture of ethnically different people.

The climate of the West Liao River valley was warmer at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age, which may be one of the driving forces for the northward migration of the Central Plains farming population.

Due to a cooling climate, part of the Lower Xiajiadian culture population migrated to the south and influenced the Central Plains.

[9][10] They displayed primarily subclades of the paternal haplogroups O and C, with a smaller minority of N.[7] Various Neolithic cultures have been identified in the Xiliao River region.