Following the death of Gediminas, when Lithuania was divided into principalities, Lida became the capital of one of them, the seat of Algirdas.

After the Union of Krewo (1385), when the Polish–Lithuanian Union was established, and the subsequent Christianization of Lithuania, the Catholic parish was established in the former Lithuanian pagan lands, and a church, whose ruins still exist, was built by King Władysław II Jagiełło, who visited Lida two times, in 1415 and 1422.

[6] In 1506, a Sejm was held in Lida, convened by King Aleksander Jagiellon and the Polish-Lithuanian army gathered here[5] before the Battle of Kletsk, in which it defeated the invading Tatars.

[5] To revive Lida, King Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki exempted the city from taxes with a privilege of 1676.

After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, it was annexed by the Russian Empire as a powiat centre of the Slonim Governorate (1795).

In 1831, during the November Uprising, a battle was fought nearby between the Polish insurgents commanded by Dezydery Chłapowski and the Russians.

In 1904, there were 1000 houses, of which 275 were brick, 14 small enterprises, four hospitals with beds for 115 patients and six elementary schools for 700 pupils.

Polish troops, under General Józef Adam Lasocki, reached the outskirts of Lida in early March 1919.

On 17 July 1920, the Red Army returned, but it was forced to retreat in August after their defeat at Warsaw.

In accordance with 1921 Riga Peace Treaty, the town was awarded to Poland and was a powiat centre in the Nowogródek Voivodeship.

From the Cold War to 1993, Lida was home to the 1st Guards Bomber Aviation Division of the Soviet Air Force.

[11] Jews first settled in Lida in the middle of the 16th century, and permission to construct a synagogue was granted by King Stefan Batory in 1579.

[12][13] During the First World War, the German army captured Lida on 26 September 1915, and both Jews and Gentiles were forced into labour.

Soon after the German Occupation ceased in winter 1918, Bolsheviks entered the city and created a strong sense of the Revolution.

On 17 April 1919, Polish soldiers entered Lida and committed a pogrom, killing 39 Jews.

Lida was captured by the Red Army on 17 July 1920 but was retaken by Polish troops on 29 September 1920.

After the Peace of Riga, it was passed to Poland and became powiat (county) centre in Nowogródek Voivodeship.

In the fall of 1939, the Red Army moved in and annexed Lida to the Baranavichy Region of Byelorussian SSR, part of the Soviet Union on 19 September 1939.

On 7 May 1942, the ghetto was sealed, and the next day, nearly 6,000 were taken to a military firing range, where they were shot and piled in ready-made grave pits.