[8] Cardiac involvement may be linked to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,[9] severe congestive heart failure, and restrictive cardiomyopathy.

[10] The lungs are rarely affected by light chain deposition disease, which typically damages the parenchyma;[11] bronchial involvement seems to be extremely uncommon.

Though κI-IV has been described,[17] the sequenced kappa light chains in LCDD are more likely to belong to the V-region subtype, of which VκIV appears to be overrepresented.

[23] It is possible that the new hydrophobic residues along with N-glycosylation sites will make it more likely for the light chains to accumulate in the affected tissues' basement membranes.

Blood and urine samples are collected for evaluation of kidney and liver function and determination of the presence of a monoclonal protein.

[27] However, the sensitivity of laboratory testing strategies for detecting monoclonal gammopathies has increased with the development of quantitative serum assays to test for immunoglobulin free light chain;[28] this increased diagnostic sensitivity is easily noticeable in the monoclonal light chain diseases.

[29] The most recent diagnostic screening guidelines state that serum immunofixation in addition to immunoglobulin free light chain is an adequate screening panel for plasma cell proliferative disorders apart from AL amyloidosis and LCDD due to the increased sensitivity for free light chain diseases.

An abdominal ultrasound and echocardiography should be part of the workup when an individual is diagnosed with LCDD in order to evaluate the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes.

[5] Similar to cardiac amyloid, diastolic dysfunction and a decrease in myocardial compliance may be discovered via echocardiography and catheterization.

Diabetic nephropathy exhibits no deposits; fibrillary glomerulonephritis is Congo red negative and has a proliferative appearance along with polyclonal immunoglobulin G; other monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease exhibit both light and heavy chain staining or just heavy chain staining.

Additional reasons for a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis pattern exhibit electron microscopy appearances and immunofluorescence specific to the disease.

[4] LCDD prognostic factors include age, extrarenal light chain deposition, and plasma cell myeloma.

[4] LCDD affects men 2.5 times more than women[8] and is frequently linked with monoclonal gammopathies of unknown significance in 17% of patients.