Lilian Helen Alexander (15 March 1861 – 18 October 1934) was an Australian surgeon and one of the first women to study medicine at the University of Melbourne.

Her father was an English-born printer and bookseller while her mother (Jane née Furnell) was an Irish-born school administrator.

She attended Lawn House, the school run by her mother, and Presbyterian Ladies' College before enrolling at the University of Melbourne.

She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1886 and a Master of Arts in 1888 and was the first female student admitted to the university's Trinity College, "against considerable opposition", making her the first woman to be admitted to any Australian university's residential college.

[1][2] After graduating, Alexander worked as a schoolteacher at Ruyton Girls' School.