The elevation at the main square (Bordtse) is 1400 m, but the village extends to an altitude of more than 1450 m. The highest point within the territory of Lilkovo is Mount Modar with an elevation of 1992 m. Near Modar rises Lilkovska river (also called Elshitsa), which flows by the village and later joins Sitovska and Tamrashka river.

Not far away from Lilkovo was also the former village of Tamrash (also called Tomrash), which used to be a large administrative centre in the region before the Liberation of Bulgaria.

Birds: wild pigeon, nightingale, cuckoo, great spotted and black woodpecker, crow, golden eagle, dove, and heather cock.

After the village of Tamrash was burned down during the First Balkan War in 1912, its Pomak population left the region by freeing up lands that the people of Lilkovo could cultivate.

This increase in resources lead to a significant demographic growth in Lilkovo in the first half of the 20th century with a population exceeding 1000 people in the 1940s.

[4] However, a steady decline in the population of the village can be observed since the middle of the 20th century:[5] As of 15 June 2020, there are only 21 people with a permanent address in Lilkovo.

[6] One of the possible events that triggered the process of depopulation in the mid 1940s was the collectivization in the agricultural sector, which left many people without lands and in a state of insecurity.

The first written evidence of the existence of Lilkovo dates from 1083 when the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos issues a decree including a list of all villages bound to the Bachkovo Monastery.

According to the most plausible assumption, the name derives from the word lilek [лилек], which in the local dialect means "lilac" - a plant which grows in abundance in and around the village.

[4] This hypothesis is supported linguistically, as deletion of unstressed vowel sounds (e.g., /e/ in /'lilek/) is common for the regional language variety and can provide further evidence for the etymology of the word's stem (lilk-).

Another hypothesis is that the name derives from lil [лил] - an obsolete word in the local dialect meaning "a thin, peeled wood of young pine or fir".

People born in Lilkovo speak a Rhodopean dialect of Bulgarian, which is similar to the one spoken in Smolyan.

Due to the limited contact with other villages in the past, the dialect spoken in Lilkovo has preserved many of the characteristics of Old Bulgarian (also called Old Church Slavonic).

[1] Some of the most typical pronunciation features that are different from standard Bulgarian are: palatalization of consonants before a stressed [e], lack of the sound [ɤ] (usually replaced with [o]), and different stress assignment (often similar to Russian: сòрце [heart], мòре [sea], нèбо [sky], мàсло [butter]).

During the Ottoman rule, certain privileges (e.g., free fields, exemption from the devshirme tax) were offered to those people in the village who agreed to convert to Islam.

The construction began in 1858 when according to the legend, the Ottoman governor Ahmed Agha came to Lilkovo and saw some Christian women lighting candles and placing ritual breads near the mosque.

He asked why they were doing this, and the people in the village told him that there was once a Bulgarian church there and the Turks demolished it to build a mosque in its place.

[4][7] Besides the church located in the centre of Lilkovo, there are also numerous smaller chapels scattered throughout the territory of the village.