Lillian Herstein (April 2, 1886 – August 9, 1983) was an American labor organizer and public school teacher based in Chicago, Illinois.

In the 1930s, she was considered one of the most influential women in the American labor movement and was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt to serve on the U.S. delegation to an International Labour Organization meeting in Europe.

Herstein was born in Chicago, Illinois to a Russian Jewish family that had emigrated to the United States from Lithuania.

[1]: 13  One of her students, future Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg, said Herstein inspired him to go into labor law.

[1]: 16 [5] In 1936, she worked for the reelection of President Franklin Roosevelt, and the following year he asked her to serve on the U.S. delegation to the International Labour Organization meeting in Switzerland.