Lillian Milgram Schapiro (August 20, 1902 – September 6, 2006) was an American pediatrician, a specialist in the treatment of childhood tuberculosis.

She was also known as the wife and assistant of art historian Meyer Schapiro, and she worked on publishing his writings after his death.

[2] Her brother Joseph Milgram was an orthopedic surgeon.

[3] Schapiro served internships and residency at Bellevue Hospital, with some further training in Europe in the 1930s.

She taught in the Children's Tuberculosis Division at Bellevue, and had a private practice in pediatrics in Greenwich Village.