Lincolnville Historic District (formerly known as Little Africa) is a neighborhood in St. Augustine, Florida established by freedmen following the American Civil War and located on the southwest peninsula of the "nation's oldest city."

In the late 20th century, numerous African Americans moved from this district to newer housing in suburbs, following the postwar pattern of settlement.

Freedmen (and women) Peter Sanks, Matilda Papy, Harriet Weedman, Miles Hancock, Israel McKenzie, Aaron DuPont and Tom Solana leased land for $1.00 a year on what was then the west bank of Maria Sanchez Creek, across from the developed part of St. Augustine.

Over the decades the settlement was expanded from this northeast area, around present-day Washington, Oneida, Dumas, St. Francis, St. Benedict and DeHaven streets, and businessmen developed the entire peninsula.

He filled in the northern reaches of Maria Sanchez Creek to create high ground for development (the landfill included dirt with archeological remains excavated from the site of Fort Mose).

In the 1940s the Flagler estate converted the Barracks to the Lakeside Apartments and restricted tenants to whites only, under state racial segregation laws in effect since the turn of the century.

During the Civil Rights Movement, Lincolnville was the base of activists who worked for the end of racial segregation in schools and public facilities in St. Augustine.

Subject to rising Ku Klux Klan violence, in 1964 local activists appealed for help to the Martin Luther King Jr.-led Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

After the end of legal segregation, some African Americans began to move to other areas of newer, suburban housing, joining the major postwar trend in the United States.