Linda Gazzera

During 1908–1909, Gazzera was investigated in a series of séances by the spiritualist Enrico Imoda who endorsed her alleged materializations as genuine.

[2] French psychical researcher Guillaume de Fontenay in an afterword for the book cast doubt on the authenticity of the photographs, noting that the materializations looked dubious and two-dimensional with suspicious shadows.

[3] Skeptical author Joseph McCabe has written that Gazzera was exposed as a fraud in 1911.

She brought her birds and flowers and muslin and masks (or pictures) in her hair (which was largely false, and never examined) and her under-clothing, and she, by a common trick, released her hands and feet from control to manipulate them.

"[4] In 2022, the counterfeit photographs were included in the exhibit Corpse orbit for the 59th Venice Biennale.