Linear model of innovation

The majority of the criticisms pointed out its crudeness and limitations in capturing the sources, process, and effects of innovation.

[2] However, it has also been argued that the linear model was simply a creation by academics, debated heavily in academia, but was never believed in practice.

[3] According to this simple sequential model, the market was the source of new ideas for directing R&D, which had a reactive role in the process.

Shortcomings and failures that occur at various stages may lead to a reconsideration of earlier steps and this may result in an innovation.

In the 'Phase Gate Model', the product or services concept is frozen at an early stage to minimize risk.