The advent of modern elastomers replaced rawhide, industry also added a garter spring, which helps the sealing lip compensate for lip wear and elastomer material changes.
These seals can be designed with a wide range of lip configurations to optimize lubrication retention and contaminant exclusion.
Common elastomers include FKM, ACM, NBR, HNBR, and AEM.
In order to resist wear, the compounds' durometer (hardness) is typically 70 to 85 Shore A (between that of an automobile tire and a soft inline-skate wheel).
The first development 1929 in Kufstein Tirol Austria, consisted of leather and metal.