[1][2] Australia has a large number of indigenous rodents, all from the family Muridae.
The "Old endemics" group are member of tribe Hydromyini, which reached Australasia between 11 – 9 million years ago from Asia, while the "New endemics", members of the tribe Rattini, are presumed to have arrived more recently, between 4 – 3 million years ago, also from Asia.
[3] Murid rodents are one of the few placental mammals to have managed to cross the Wallace Line and colonize Australasia (which previously only contained marsupial and monotreme mammals) prior to European settlement, the others being bats and humans who, in turn, introduced the dingo.
Grey squirrels have, since introduction, been eradicated from Australia.
† Extinct ¤ Introduced * Several of these species are not actually endemic to Australia, but to the Australasian realm, which includes Papua New Guinea and eastern Indonesia.