List of wars and battles involving China

There had been a series of violent border skirmishes between the two countries after the 1959 Tibetan uprising, when India granted asylum to the Dalai Lama.

India initiated a defensive Forward Policy from 1960 to hinder Chinese military patrols and logistics, in which it placed outposts along the border, including several north of the McMahon Line, the eastern portion of the Line of Actual Control proclaimed by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1959.

According to independent sources, India achieved "decisive tactical advantage" and managed to hold its own against and push back Chinese forces.

Many PLA fortifications at Nathu La were destroyed, where the Indian troops drove back the attacking Chinese forces.

According to Indian Maj. Gen. Sheru Thapliyal, the Chinese were forced to withdraw nearly three kilometers in Cho La during the clash.