In many cases, the loanword has assumed a meaning substantially different from its German forebear.
In recent years, however, many English words have been borrowed directly from German.
German words have been incorporated into English usage for many reasons: As languages, English and German descend from the common ancestor language West Germanic and further back to Proto-Germanic; because of this, some English words are essentially identical to their German lexical counterparts, either in spelling (Hand, Sand, Finger) or pronunciation ("fish" = Fisch, "mouse" = Maus), or both (Arm, Ring); these are excluded from this list.
Minerals including: (Some terms are listed in multiple categories if they are important to each.)
On rare occasions an author will quote the original German as a sign of erudition.