The southern part of the Iberian peninsula was under Islamic rule for seven hundred years.
Hispania (or al-Andalus) was organized as a single province (wilayah), with local provincial capital at Córdoba, and integrated into their empire.
Key: All appointed by governor of Ifriqiya except (*) elected internally by Andalusians; (**) appointed directly by Caliph; (***) forcibly imposed by Syrian regiments [1] In 750, the Abbasid Revolution overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in Damascus.
An Umayyad prince, Abd ar-Rahman I, escaped to al-Andalus and set up the independent Emirate of Cordoba.
Collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba, end of the Umayyads, beginning of the first Taifa period.