The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court .

The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices.

When the cases in volume 156 were decided the Court comprised the following nine members: United States v. E.C.

Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 (1895), is a criminal law decision by the Supreme Court.

In Coffin v. United States, 156 U.S. 432 (1895), the Supreme Court confirmed the presumption of innocence of persons accused of crimes.