As such, the dual form of citation to, for example, Pumpelly v. Green Bay Co. is 80 U.S. (13 Wall.)

The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court .

The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices.

Specifically, Klein means that Congress may not direct the outcome of a case by prescribing the rule of decision, nor may Congress impair the power and effect of a Presidential pardon.

397 (1872), the Supreme Court held that a state judge has no jurisdiction to issue a writ of habeas corpus, or to continue proceedings under the writ once issued, for the discharge of a person held by the authority of the United States by an officer of the federal government.

679 (1872), was based upon a dispute regarding the Walnut Street Presbyterian Church in Kentucky.