He acted as an unofficial representative of the Russian government, a role later fulfilled largely by French merchants prior to the 1917 revolution.

[4] Following the establishment of Soviet rule, links were initially maintained via the Communist International, but gradually died out in the face of official Philippine opposition.

Following Philippine independence in 1946, the national government continued the previous policy of not establishing relations with socialist countries.

[4] Trade and political links were developed and strengthened during the 1960s and 1970s, and in 1976, following Ferdinand Marcos's first state visit to the USSR on 2 June 1976, a communiqué was issued, establishing diplomatic relations.

[4] The incumbent Soviet ambassador, Vitaly Kuchuk [ru], continued to serve as representative of Russia until 1996.