List of carbon capture and storage projects
Injection was suspended temporarily in June 2011 due to concerns about the integrity of the seal, potential for fracture and leakage into the caprock, and movement of CO2 outside of the Krechba hydrocarbon lease.
Injection has not restarted and no leakage of CO2 was reported during the lifetime of the project [4] In the early 2020s the government allocated over A$300 million for CCS both onshore and offshore.
The CAN $1.2 billion Alberta Carbon Trunk Line Project (ACTL), pioneered by Enhance Energy, became fully operational in June 2020.
It is now the world's largest carbon capture and storage system consisting of a 240 km pipeline that collects CO2 industrial emissions from the Agrium fertilizer plant and North West Sturgeon Refinery in Alberta.
[11][12] Entropy, a subsidiary of Advantage Energy runs a sequestration project at Glacier plant near Valhalla, Alberta, storing 0.2 MT of CO2 per year as of 2022.
In 2000, Dakota Gas retrofitted the plant and planned to sell the CO2 to Cenovus and Apache Energy, for EOR in the Weyburn and Midale fields in Canada.
[22] The majority of CO2 emissions come from coal-fired power plants or coal-to-chemical processes (e.g. the production of synthetic ammonia, methanol, fertilizer, natural gas, and CTLs).
[25] China's largest carbon capture and storage plant at Guohua Jinjie coal power station was completed in January 2021.
It started as a pilot EOR project in 2009,[27] and developed into a commercial operation for the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC).
[30] Yanchang Petroleum is developing carbon capture facilities at two coal-to-chemical plants in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province.
[32] From 2008 until 2014 the Schwarze Pumpe power station, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the city of Spremberg, was home to the world's first demonstration CCS coal plant.
[33] The mini pilot plant was run by an Alstom-built oxy-fuel boiler and is also equipped with a flue gas cleaning facility to remove fly ash and sulfur dioxide.
[37] As of 2007, the German utility RWE operated a pilot-scale CO2 scrubber at the lignite-fired Niederaußem power station built in cooperation with BASF (supplier of detergent) and Linde engineering.
The large size of the reservoir accounts for why 600 billion tonnes of CO2 are expected to be stored, long after the Sleipner natural gas project has ended.
The Sleipner facility is the first project to inject its captured CO2 into a geological feature for the purpose of storage rather than economically compromising EOR.
The 2020 budget allocated 800 million pounds to attempt to create CCS clusters by 2030, to capture CO2 from heavy industry[59] and a gas-fired power station and store it under the North Sea.
[62] A trial of bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) at a wood-fired unit in Drax power station in the UK started in 2019.
[67] In May 2022, it was announced that Nuada (formerly MOF Technologies) had partnered with HeidelbergCement, Buzzi Unicem and Cementir Holding to build a point source carbon capture plant to further hard to abate industry decarbonization [68] In addition to individual carbon capture and sequestration projects, various programs work to research, develop, and deploy CCS technologies on a broad scale.
[69][70] In September 2020, the U.S. Department Of Energy awarded $72 million in federal funding to support the development and advancement of carbon capture technologies.
[71] Under this cost-shared program, DOE awarded $51 million to nine new projects for coal and natural gas power and industrial sources.
CO2 is captured during gas processing and transported primarily via the Val Verde pipeline where it is eventually injected at Sharon Ridge oil field and other secondary sinks for use in EOR.
7 million metric tonnes of CO2 are recovered annually from ExxonMobil's Shute Creek gas processing plant near La Barge, Wyoming, and transported by pipeline to various oil fields for EOR.
[25] The Petra Nova project is a billion dollar endeavor undertaken by NRG Energy and JX Nippon to partially retrofit their jointly owned W.A Parish coal-fired power plant with post-combustion carbon capture.
[112] As of 2014[update], Occidental Petroleum, along with SandRidge Energy, operated a West Texas hydrocarbon gas processing plant and related pipeline infrastructure that provides CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR).
[115][116] In 2019, a consortium of 12 partners from Germany, United Kingdom and Greece[117] began working on integrating indirectly heated carbonate lopping (IHCaL) process in cement and lime production.
The possibility of a CCU initiative has also been considered, in which the captured CO2 will be sold to horticultural firms, who will use it to speed up plant growth, as well as other industrial users.
Their process captures CO2 from ambient air using a patented filter, isolates the CO2 at high heat, and transports it to a nearby greenhouse as a fertilizer.
[121] The OPEN100 project, launched in 2020 by the Energy Impact Center (EIC), is the world's first open-source blueprint for nuclear power plant deployment.
to help compile research and designs that will eventually evolve into a blueprint that is available to the public and can be utilized in the development of future nuclear plants.
After having been selected by the Global Cement and Concrete Association via their Innovandi Open Challenge, Nuada will partner with HeidelbergCement, Buzzi Unicem and Cementir Holding to build pilot plants in 2022.
