List of cosmological computation software

In the past few decades, the accelerating technological evolution has profoundly enhanced astronomical instrumentation, enabling more precise observations and expanding the breadth and depth of data collection by several orders of magnitude.

]: GADGET, named "GAlaxies with Dark matter and Gas intEracT" is a code written in C++ for cosmological N-body/Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations on massively parallel computers with distributed memory.

The first version of AREPO was written and published by Volker Springel in 2010, with further development by Rüdiger Pakmor and contributions by many other authors.

The Arepo code utilizes an unstructured Voronoi-mesh and was designed to blend the benefits of finite-volume hydrodynamics and SPH.

Primarily optimized for cosmological simulations, especially galaxy formation, Arepo supports a high dynamic range in space and time.

[23] GIZMO[24] is a flexible, massively parallel, multi-physics simulation code, written in ANSI C by Philip F. Hopkins.

Unlike traditional methods, which use unrealistic periodic boundary conditions for numerical simplicity, StePS offers a more observation-aligned approach.

The code implements various novel methods for numerically solving the Einstein field equations, including an N-body solver, full AMR capabilities via SAMRAI, and raytracing.

It is the first efficient program to do so, reducing the time taken to compute the anisotropy from several days to a few minutes by using a novel semi-analytic line-of-sight approach.

CosmoMC is a Fortran 2003 Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) engine for exploring cosmological parameter space.

The code does brute force (but accurate) theoretical matter power spectrum and Cl calculations using CAMB.

CosmoMC was written by Antony Lewis in 2002 and later several versions are developed to keep the code up-to date with different cosmological experiments.