[1] This occurred for extended period, with long documented history of using the detained party as a bargaining chip in diplomatic negotiations.
"[3] Iran's repeated dubious detention of dual citizen and thereafter bargaining behavior have lead observers to qualify the practice as a case of hostage diplomacy, with a long documented history.
[2] According to French ex-hostage Louis Arnaud, who spent two years in Iranian custody, those detained are usually kept in solitary confinement.
"[6] In November 2017, Reuters reported that Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) had arrested "at least 30 dual nationals during the past two years, mostly on spying charges.
While Marchal was released in 2020, but Fraiban Adelkhak remained in prison amid mounting political tensions in Iran.