The walls and fortifications around Dublin were raised by the Ostmen in the 9th Century,[1][2] and the majority of the cities in Ireland remained subject to incursions by native clans until the seventeenth century.
[3] The defences of Dublin would eventually fall into disrepair but continued to serve a purpose as late as 1762 when the auction of the rights to collect tolls at each of the then seven city gates raised £4,000 for the city.
[4] Below is a list of the historic Gates of Dublin along the city's ancient boundaries: