Linguistic rights in Europe are stated in constitutions which differ by country.
Most of the linguistic rights stated here are negative rights, which grant freedom of usage of own language and prevents discrimination based on language.
Some countries do offer positive rights: for example provision of language education from State funds in Austria, Cyprus, Finland, Hungary, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine.
[1] Neither the Czech Constitution nor the Charter name any official language of the country.
Administrative code[3] and Rules of Court Procedure, however, specify Czech language as the language of procedure of public administration and courts respectively.
[3] According to the Act on Rights of Members of Minorities, citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law.
Other than Slovak, the languages of officially recognized minorities in the Czech Republic are Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Hungarian, Polish, Romani, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian and Ukrainian.
[3][5] These are indirectly under constitutional protection of the Charter's Article 25 via the Act on Rights of Minorities and official Government recognition.
The law was adopted in December 1999 and entered into force on the 1st of September 2000.
[8] Montenegrin became the official language of Montenegro with the ratification of a new constitution on 22 October 2007[9] Next to it, Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian are recognized in usage.
[6] National or official languages: Dutch, Papiamento, Papiamentu, Achterhoeks, Drents, Western Frisian, Gronings, Limburgisch, Sinte Romani, Vlax Romani, Sallands, Stellingwerfs, Twents, Veluws, Western Yiddish.
[citation needed] The official and national language is Serbian.
[12] National or official languages: French, Standard German, Italian, Romansch.